System for analyzing a liquid sample

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a system for analyzing a liquid sample, including an analysis device comprising a casing including a through-opening leading into a housing adapted to receive a portion of a collecting device and extending longitudinally from the opening along an axis of insertion of the collecting device. The analysis system further includes a collecting device comprising a main body extending along a longitudinal axis and including a fluid chamber adapted to be inserted in the housing along the insertion axis and a receiving surface intended to receive the liquid sample extending substantially orthogonally relative to the axis of the main body.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The field of the invention is that of liquid sample analysis, for example detection of the presence of analytes in a biological liquid and evaluation of their concentration. The invention relates to a system for analyzing a liquid sample including a device for collecting the liquid sample and an analysis device adapted to cooperate with the collecting device, and to a method of analyzing the collected liquid sample.

PRIOR ART

There is known from the document US2007/0202007 a system for analyzing a liquid sample including a collecting device with which an analysis device is adapted to cooperate.

The analysis device includes a housing that is situated at a lateral wall, allowing the insertion of a portion of the collecting device with the aim of effecting the analysis of the liquid sample, together with a device for electrochemical detection of a representative parameter of the liquid sample.

The collecting device takes the form of a strip provided with two electrodes that extend from a first end of the strip to a measuring area in which there are reagents intended to react with the liquid sample. The collecting device includes at a second end opposite the first a surface for receiving the liquid sample that is in fluid communication with the measuring area via a fluid passage.

In practice, the first end of the collecting strip is inserted in the housing of the analysis device, after which the liquid sample is deposited on the receiving surface so as to allow its capillary migration to the measuring area so that the liquid sample reacts with the reagents present. The analysis device thereafter applies a potential difference between the electrodes of the collecting strip and a representative parameter of the liquid sample is measured from the electrodes and then analyzed.

The document WO98/19159 describes another example of an analysis system that makes it possible to perform an analysis of the liquid sample based on optical detection of a representative parameter of the liquid sample.

The analysis device includes an optical detection device situated facing a housing that is intended to receive a portion of a collecting device. The collecting device takes the form of a strip a measuring area of which is provided with reagents intended to react with the liquid sample and includes a fluid duct that extends substantially orthogonally to the plane of the strip and makes it possible to bring a liquid sample from a collecting orifice situated at one end of the fluid duct to the measuring area.

When the collecting device is inserted in the analysis device, its portion containing the measuring area is located in the housing at the level of the optical detection device. The fluid duct of the collecting device containing the collecting orifice remains outside the housing. The liquid sample is deposited at the level of the collecting orifice so as to allow capillary migration of the sample to the measuring area. The optical detection of a representative parameter of the liquid sample is performed by means of a light source illuminating the measuring area and a photodetector receiving the light beams emitted by the liquid sample because of the effect of the illuminating beams.

These examples of analysis systems in accordance with the prior art have the disadvantage of including an analysis device which implies that the collecting device includes a fluid passage sufficiently long to make it possible to provide a fluid connection between the receiving surface or the collecting orifice and the measuring area, which imposes the availability of a relatively large volume of liquid sample. Moreover, when analysis requires thermal regulation of the liquid sample or of a reagent present in the liquid sample, this thermal regulation is generally effected by an thermal regulation electrical element present inside the analysis device. This then necessitates the lengthening of the fluid passage until the analysis area is close to the thermal regulation area defined by this electrical element. The lengthening of this collecting channel commensurately increases the collecting area. Finally, a large portion of the collecting device remains outside the housing during the step of depositing the liquid sample and detection. There is therefore a risk of unintentional manipulation of the collecting device during this step that may interfere with detection and falsify the results of the analysis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An objective of the invention is to remedy at least in part the disadvantages of the prior art and more particularly to propose a system for analyzing a liquid sample including a device for collecting the liquid sample and an analysis device adapted to cooperate with the device for collecting the sample making it possible to reduce the necessary volume of liquid sample.

To this end, the system for analyzing a liquid sample includes an analysis device comprising:

-   -   a casing delimiting an interior space and comprising a         through-opening leading to a housing adapted to receive a         portion of a device for collecting said liquid sample and         disposed in the interior space to extend longitudinally from the         opening along a so-called insertion longitudinal axis of the         collecting device,     -   a device for detecting and analyzing at least one representative         parameter of the liquid sample.

According to the invention, the analysis system further includes a device for collecting said liquid sample comprising:

-   -   a main body extending along a longitudinal axis and including a         measurement fluid chamber adapted to be inserted longitudinally         into the housing along the insertion longitudinal axis of the         latter;     -   a receiving surface intended to be situated outside the housing         to receive the liquid sample when the main body is inserted into         the housing, assembled to the main body and extending         substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the main         body, and comprising a collecting orifice in fluid communication         with the measuring chamber.

Certain preferred but nonlimiting aspects of this analysis system are as follows:

The housing of the analysis device and the collecting device may both be sized so that, when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing, the distance between the collecting orifice and the measuring chamber is approximately equal to the distance between the opening of the housing and the measuring chamber, and is preferably less than or equal to 2 cm.

The collecting device may include a collecting portion assembled to the main body and one surface of which forms the receiving surface, this collecting portion being in contact with a wall of the casing at the edge of the opening of the housing when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing.

The casing may include an upper wall and a lower wall connected to each other by a lateral wall having dimensions less than the dimensions of the upper and lower walls, the opening of the housing is situated at the level of the upper wall of the casing and the housing extends substantially orthogonally to the latter in the direction of the lower wall.

The upper wall of the casing may comprise a display screen.

The system may include a bearing surface fixed relative to the housing and disposed so as to partially delimit the housing by extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and so as to be in contact with a portion of the main body containing the measuring chamber of the collecting device when the latter is inserted in the housing.

The detection and analysis device may include an optical sensor situated at a side of the bearing surface opposite the housing, the bearing surface being transparent to light beams coming from the measuring chamber when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing.

The detection and analysis device includes an optical sensor situated at a longitudinal distance relative to the opening of the housing less than or equal to 2 cm and/or is situated at a transverse distance relative to the housing less than or equal to 2 cm.

The analysis system may include a locking and disengagement device adapted to retain the main body in a locking position inside the housing and comprising:

-   -   a disengagement member adapted to exert an exit force on the         main body when the latter is inserted in the housing in a         direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and         oriented toward the opening of the housing;     -   a locking member including at least one abutment portion adapted         to be in contact with a bearing portion of the main body when         the latter is inserted in the housing in the locking position so         as to immobilize the collecting device subjected at this time to         the exit force along the longitudinal axis of the housing.

The bearing portion of the main body of the collecting device may be formed by a lateral shoulder of the main body situated between a so-called central first portion containing the measuring chamber and a distal end of the main body relative to the receiving surface.

The analysis system may include at least one spacing element disposed longitudinally along a border of the bearing surface and projecting relative to the latter in the direction of the housing, the longitudinal ends of which are bevelled so as to space the main body relative to the bearing surface upon movement of the latter in the housing along the longitudinal axis.

The locking member may be mobile relative to the housing substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the latter and adapted to exert a bearing force on the main body in the direction of the bearing surface when the latter is inserted in the housing.

The locking and disengagement device may include an unlocking member actuation of which is adapted to cause movement of the locking member so as to cause the breaking of the abutment between the abutment portion of the latter and the bearing portion of the collecting device leading to withdrawal of the main body relative to the housing by the effect of the exit force.

The detection and analysis device may include at least one light source and an optical sensor disposed on respective opposite sides of the housing along an axis of illumination of the measuring chamber when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing, the locking member including a hollow portion positioned between the light source and the optical sensor enabling propagation of the illumination beams along the illumination axis through said hollow portion.

The analysis system may further comprise a heating device comprising a heating element adapted to transmit heat to the measuring chamber via the bearing surface when the main body is inserted in the housing and in contact with the bearing surface.

The invention also consists in a method of analyzing a liquid sample using an analysis system having any one of the above features, wherein:

-   -   the main body of the collecting device is introduced into the         housing;     -   a liquid sample is deposited on the receiving surface of the         collecting device so that it is in contact with the collecting         orifice;     -   at least one representative parameter of the liquid sample is         detected and analyzed;     -   the collecting device is withdrawn from the housing of the         analysis device.

During the deposition of the liquid sample on the receiving surface, the analysis device may be hand-held by a user.

During the step of depositing the liquid sample on the receiving surface, the latter may be oriented substantially orthogonally to the axis of gravity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other aspects, objects, advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent on reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1a is a perspective view of an analysis system comprising a device for analyzing a liquid sample and a device for collecting the liquid sample inserted in the latter, and FIG. 1b is a diagrammatic sectional view of part of the analysis system represented in FIG. 1a with the collecting device inserted in the analysis device;

FIG. 2a is a front view of an example of the collecting device represented in FIG. 1a and FIG. 2b is a perspective view showing the male and female portions forming the collecting device represented in FIG. 2 a;

FIGS. 3a to 3c are diagrammatic views of the locking and disengagement device of the analysis device seen from different angles;

FIGS. 4a and 4b are diagrammatic views of the collecting device and the locking and disengagement device of the analysis device when the collecting device is being inserted (FIG. 4a ) and is in the locking position (FIG. 4b );

FIGS. 5a and 5b are perspective views of an example of the locking and disengagement device;

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an example of an optical sensor provided with a heating device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

In the figures and in the remainder of the description, the same references represent identical or similar elements. Moreover, the various elements are not shown to scale in order to make the figures clearer.

The invention relates to a liquid sample analysis system. The liquid sample may be obtained from a biological liquid, such as blood, saliva, urine, interstitial liquid, or even any other type of liquid where the aim is to detect and to analyze a representative parameter. The analysis of the liquid sample amounts to evaluating one or more representative parameters of the liquid sample. Those parameters may be, or derived from, optical properties (for example absorption rate, colorimetry, interference patterns, etc.), electrical properties (for example impedance, conductance, etc.), chemical properties (for example presence and concentration of analytes, etc.) of the liquid sample. It may therefore be a question of detecting and evaluating the presence and the concentration of one or more analytes present in the liquid sample, for example biological particles such as cells, bacteria, proteins or one of their constituents, etc. The liquid sample may include one or more reagents liable to modify proportionately or otherwise one or more of said properties of the liquid sample to be analyzed.

FIG. 1a shows an analysis system 1 in accordance with one embodiment, comprising a liquid sample analysis device 100 into which is inserted a device 200 for collecting said liquid sample.

There is defined here and for the remainder of the description a three-dimensional orthonormal frame of reference in which the axis X is oriented according to the width of the analysis device, the axis Y according to its length and the axis Z according to its thickness.

The analysis device 100 includes a casing 110 formed of an upper wall 111 and a lower wall 112 connected to each other by a lateral wall 113 that delimits an interior space. Here the upper wall 111 is substantially coplanar with the plane (X, Y) and may include a display screen 114 and keys 115 for selecting various modes of use of the device. Here the lower wall 112 is substantially coplanar with the plane (X, Y). Here the analysis device 100 has a thickness less than its width and its length.

The collecting device 200 is inserted into a housing of the analysis device 100, here at the upper wall 111, so that there is apparent outside the device only a so-called collecting portion 210 of the device an upper surface 211 of which is intended to receive the liquid sample. This so-called receiving surface 211 is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the portion of the collecting device inserted in the housing and to that of the housing. It comprises an orifice 212 intended to allow the introduction of the liquid sample into the interior of the collecting device 200 and therefore into the interior of the analysis device 100, for the purpose of proceeding to the analysis of the sample.

Stating that the collecting device is inserted into the analysis device, or to be more precise into a housing provided for this purpose, means that a portion of the device is engaged or inserted in the housing and another portion of the device, such as the collecting portion, is situated outside the housing. Moreover, stating that the receiving surface is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the housing, or insertion axis, means that the receiving surface has, when the collecting device is inserted in the analysis device, a plane tangential to the surface, at the level of the collecting orifice, substantially orthogonal, to within 20°, and preferably to within 10°, to the insertion axis.

FIG. 1b is a diagrammatic sectional view on the plane (X, Z) of a portion of the analysis system represented in FIG. 1a , in which view the collecting device is inserted into the analysis device.

The casing 110 of the analysis device delimits an interior space in which are present a housing 120 intended to receive a portion of the collecting device 200 in order to proceed to the analysis of the liquid sample, a device 130 for locking and disengagement of the collecting device, and a device 150 for detecting and analyzing one or more characteristic properties of the sample.

The housing 120 is adapted to receive a portion of the collecting device in a position allowing the detection and the analysis of the liquid sample. It communicates with the environment via a through-opening 121 here provided at the upper wall 111 of the casing and extends along a longitudinal axis referred to as the insertion axis from the opening 121 in the direction of the lower wall 112. The housing 120 is partially delimited by a locking and disengagement device 130 which here includes a bearing surface 131 that extends longitudinally along one side of the housing, a locking member 140 disposed on the side of the housing opposite the bearing surface 131, and a disengagement member 132 facing the lower portion of the housing 120, i.e. the distal portion of the housing 120 relative to the opening 121.

The collecting device 200 is formed of a collecting portion 210 an upper surface of which forms the surface 211 receiving the liquid sample and a main body 220 that extends longitudinally and substantially orthogonally to the collecting portion 210. To be more precise, the longitudinal axis of the main body 220 is substantially orthogonal to a plane tangential to the receiving surface 211 at the level of the collecting orifice 212. The main body 220 includes a measuring chamber 221 in fluid communication with the collecting orifice 212 via a fluid passage 222. In the figure, the collecting device 200 is inserted in the housing 120 so that the main body 220 is engaged in the housing and the collecting portion 210 is situated outside the housing. It is advantageous for the latter to rest on or to be in contact with the wall of the housing 110 to ensure on the one hand accurate positioning of the collecting device 200 in the analysis device 100 along the insertion axis and on the other hand that the collecting portion is supported during the phase of depositing the liquid sample and therefore to offer a better distribution of the mechanical loads.

The analysis device 100 includes a device 150 for detecting and analyzing one or more characteristic properties of the sample, which may be of electrical, chemical and/or optical type. In this example, the detection device 150 is of optical type and includes one or more light sources 151 and an optical sensor 152. Here a light source 151 is disposed so that it is able to illuminate the measuring chamber 221 inserted in the housing 120 in a lighting direction here parallel to the axis X. The optical sensor 152 includes a photodetector 153 disposed behind the bearing surface 131 in the lighting direction, the latter surface then being produced in a material transparent to the incident beams coming from the illuminated measuring chamber 221. As described in detail later, it is advantageous for the detection device 150 to effect optical detection by the so-called lensless imaging technique. Moreover, note that here the locking member 140 placed between the light source 151 and the optical sensor 152 is structured to allow the passage of the illumination beams in the direction of the housing 120 without inducing optical interference with said beams.

The detection and analysis device 150 further includes an analysis unit (not shown) for processing the measured data. The analysis unit is connected to the display screen 114 to allow the display of information intended for the user. In the standard manner, the analysis unit includes a processor and a memory able to store measured data processing software. This analysis unit may also store data, communicate with elements external to the analysis device (computer system, etc.), manage the button interfaces, supply electrical power to the detection and analysis device 150, etc. An electrical power supply battery may be provided inside the casing 110 of the device 100.

As shown in the figure, an optical reader device 160 may also be provided, for example to read information present on the main body 220 of the collecting device 200 engaged in the housing 120. This information may be contained in a QR (Quick Response) code or a Datamatrix code and for example concern the type of liquid sample to be analyzed, the type of detection to be effected, the type of reagents present in the measuring chamber, the expiry date of the collecting device, the manufacturing batch number, etc. This optical reader device 160 comprises at least a light source 161 and an optical sensor 162, preferably a matrix photodetector. The example represented shows a device intended to function by reflection, the optical sensor 162 being placed on the same side of the housing 120 as the light source 161, but an arrangement that functions in transmission is possible.

FIGS. 1a and 1b show that the analysis device 100 and the collecting device 200 are both adapted to allow the insertion of a portion of the collecting device 200 into the housing 120 along an insertion axis, or longitudinal axis, substantially orthogonal to the receiving surface 211.

Unlike the examples of the prior art mentioned above, the collecting surface is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the main body and to the longitudinal axis of the housing. It is therefore substantially coplanar with the border of the opening of the housing and can therefore be situated as close as possible to the housing when the collecting device is inserted in the housing. This makes it possible to minimize the portion of the collecting device situated outside the analysis device and therefore notably to reduce the length of the fluid passage that connects the collecting orifice to the measuring chamber to be reduced and thus to reduce the necessary liquid sample volume. Moreover, by reducing the portion of the collecting device situated outside the analysis device, the risk of incorrect manipulation of the collecting device during the detection step is limited, such false manipulations being liable to interfere with detection and therefore to falsify the results of the analysis.

Unlike the examples of the prior art mentioned above, the opening of the housing is advantageously situated at the level of the upper wall of the casing and the housing extends substantially orthogonally to the latter, to within 20° and preferably to within 10°, in the direction of the lower wall. In the case of an upper wall that is at least in part not plane, for example at least partly domed, the housing may extend substantially orthogonally to a plane locally tangential to the upper wall at the level of the opening. The housing is preferably substantially orthogonal, to within 20°, to a plane along which the casing substantially extends, and preferably to a plane in which the lower wall lies. Here the upper and lower walls have dimensions along X and Y, or length and width, greater than the dimension along Z, or thickness, of the lateral wall.

Moreover, the liquid sample may be deposited on the receiving surface with a bearing force exerted on the latter, for example by pressing the finger of a patient onto this surface. The patient therefore exerts a bearing force on the receiving surface that will be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main body. This therefore prevents the torsion forces to which collecting strips such as those described above with reference to the prior art may be subjected. Moreover, when the collecting portion is in contact with the wall of the casing, the bearing force is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing, which makes possible improved distribution of the mechanical loads to which the collecting device is subjected and that are transmitted to the casing. During the step of depositing the liquid sample on the receiving surface, the latter is advantageously oriented in an approximately horizontal manner relative to the axis of gravity, i.e. substantially orthogonal to the latter.

It is noted that the collecting portion 210 projects transversely relative to the main body and has a receiving surface 211 of greater area than the cross section of the main body 220, notably at the level of the measuring chamber. In fact, the main body is transversely relatively narrow in order to be inserted in a small housing while the receiving surface is larger in order to receive the liquid sample. For example, the area of a cross section of the main body at the level of the measuring chamber may be of the order of ten to a few tens of square millimetres while the area of the receiving surface may be of the order of one hundred to a few hundred square millimetres. The area of the receiving surface 211 provides protection of the surface of the analysis device 100 and in particular of the opening 121 of the housing 120 in the event of surplus biological sample volume or inaccurate deposition of the sample.

Moreover, the housing of the analysis device 100 and the collecting device 200 may both be sized so that, when the main body 220 of the collecting device is inserted in the housing 120, the distance D1 between the collecting orifice 212 and the measuring chamber 221 is approximately equal to the distance D2 between the opening of the housing 121 and the measuring chamber, these distances being less than or equal to 2 cm, for example, or even less than or equal to 1 cm. The distance D1 may be measured between the orifice 212 and the longitudinal centre along the axis Z of the measuring chamber. Similarly, the distance D2 may be measured between the opening 121, for example at the discharging surface of the wall of the casing, and the longitudinal centre along the axis Z of the measuring chamber. Stating that the distances D1 and D2 are approximately equal to each other means that the difference between these two distances is less than or equal to 25% of the greater distance and preferably less than 10%. In concrete terms, these distances D1 and D2 are equal apart from the thickness of the collecting portion 210 when the latter is in contact with the border of the opening 121. For example, for a distance D1 equal to 1 cm, the distance D2 is equal to 0.8 cm for a thickness of the collecting portion of the order of 2 mm. This greatly reduces the length of the fluid passage connecting the collecting orifice 212 to the inlet of the measuring chamber 221.

FIG. 2a is a front view of an example of the collecting device 200 in accordance with an embodiment described in patent application FR1551725 filed on 2 Mar. 2015. The collecting device 200 is adapted to cooperate with the analysis device 100, i.e. to be inserted in and then ejected from the analysis device 100. It is therefore removable from the analysis device 100.

As mentioned above, the collecting device 200 includes a collecting portion 210 and a main body 220. The collecting portion 210 has a so-called receiving upper surface 211 intended to receive the liquid sample. It includes a collecting orifice 212 enabling the introduction of the liquid sample deposited inside the collecting device. This orifice 212 is in fluid communication via a fluid passage 222 with a measuring chamber 221 disposed in the main body 220.

The main body 220 has dimensions matching those of the housing 120. It includes a central portion 223 assembled to the collecting portion 210 at one end, in which extend the fluid passage 222 and the measuring chamber 221. The latter is widened along the axis Y relative to the fluid passage so as to increase the area intended to be illuminated in the case of optical detection. The central portion 223 of the main body is assembled at its opposite end to a second portion 224 forming a holding heel-piece enabling a user to manipulate the device easily. The heel-piece 224 has a width along the axis Y greater than that of the central portion of the main body so that the lateral wall along the axis Y includes at least one bearing portion, here two bearing portions 225 in the form of shoulders intended to cooperate with the locking device of the analysis device. By shoulder is meant a sudden variation in the cross section of the main body in order to form a bearing surface oriented in the direction of the collecting portion. Alternatively, the collecting device may include a bearing portion produced not in the form of a shoulder but in the form of an opening made in the central portion or the heel-piece of the main body.

Finally, here the heel-piece includes an area for written information, for example in the form of a QR code or Datamatrix code, for example situated under the measuring chamber.

Moreover, it may include at least one projecting portion, here two portions that extend transversely to the plane (Y, Z) of the heel-piece. These portions provide a mistake proofing function making it possible to prevent any error in the utilization or the manipulation of the collecting device. The housing has a suitable shape allowing the insertion of the main body that includes such mistake proofing.

FIG. 2b shows a perspective view of the example of a collecting device represented in FIG. 2a , which is produced in two parts, as described in patent application FR1551725 filed on 2 Mar. 2015.

The collecting device 200 includes two separate elements A and B intended to cooperate with each other to render the device operational.

The first element A comprises a male portion 230 at the level of which is situated a channel 231 of open cross section. The channel 231 extends longitudinally between a so-called inlet first end 232 adapted to receive a liquid sample and a second end 233. The channel 231 is formed by a longitudinal wall 234, referred to as the bottom wall, bordered by two lateral walls 235 a, 235 b that form the sides of the channel 231.

The second element B includes a female portion 240 formed of a peripheral wall 241 that delimits transversely a cavity intended to accommodate, or to receive, the male portion 230. Moreover, a portion of the peripheral wall 241 is intended, when the female portion accommodates the male portion, to form a cap 242 closing the cross section of the channel 231. The female portion 240 is assembled to the collecting portion 210 that extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the male portion 230 and the female portion 240.

Thus to render the collecting device 200 operational the male portion 230 of the first element A is introduced into the female portion 240 of the second element B so that the peripheral wall 241 closes the cross section of the channel 231, preferably over all the length of the channel. A liquid sample can then be brought into contact with the inlet end 232 of the channel 231 via the collecting orifice 212 of the receiving surface 211, which brings about its insertion in the channel 231 and capillary flow of the sample along the channel 231 in the direction of the second end 233.

The result of this production in the form of two distinct elements A and B of the collecting device 200 the channel 231 of which has an open cross section at the longitudinal level is: before insertion of the male portion in the female portion, direct access to the interior of the channel; after insertion of the male portion in the female portion, better confinement of the channel.

Direct access to the interior of the channel, i.e. to its interior volume and to at least a portion of its internal surfaces, makes it possible to functionalize and/or treat the interior of the channel, in part or completely, with a simplicity and an efficacy that the prior art is not able to achieve. Accordingly, if it is wished to deposit in the channel a dried or freeze-dried reagent intended to interact with the liquid sample, the direct access to the interior of the channel makes it possible to proceed in a simple and rapid manner to a particularly homogeneous deposition of the reagent. In fact, the interior of the channel is directly accessible over all its length. The accuracy of positioning the tools for depositing the reagent or reagents to be dried or freeze-dried can then be simplified. It is equally possible to produce simply a localized deposit of the reagent or reagents to be dried or freeze-dried directly in a required area of the channel (whether that be at the inlet, in the middle or at the outlet of the channel). It is also possible, in a simple and precise manner, to deposit electrodes or an absorbent membrane in the channel, or even to functionalize by chemical bonding the interior of the channel, for example by local immobilization of one or more chemical molecules or biological entities (protein, DNA sequence, antibody, etc.) directly onto a wall of the channel, for example by a covalent chemical bond.

When the female portion accommodates the male portion, the collecting device also offers particularly effective confinement of the channel, which makes it possible to limit or even to prevent contamination of the external environment by the liquid present in the channel and pollution of the channel from the outside.

In this example, the male part 230 is formed of a plate having a substantially rectangular cross section. The channel 231 is disposed at the level of a so-called upper longitudinal face of the plate so that the inlet end 232 of the channel 231 discharges onto a transverse end wall of the plate. Here the plate has a rectangular cross section but any other type of section may also be suitable, for example square or even also circular. The longitudinal bottom wall 234 of the channel 231 advantageously has a dimension in cross section greater than that of each of the flanks 235 a, 235 b. In other words, the transverse form factor of the channel 231, namely the ratio between the width of the channel and its depth, is in this example strictly greater than 1, preferably greater than 5, or even 10.

In this example, the peripheral wall 241 of the female portion 240 extends longitudinally along the axis Z to form a cavity able to receive and to accommodate the male portion 230, preferably in its entirety. Moreover, the internal dimensions of the peripheral wall 241 are adjusted so that the surface of the perimeter of the male portion 230 comes into contact with the internal surface of the peripheral wall 241 when the female portion 240 accommodates the male portion 230. Here the peripheral wall 241 forms a cavity with a substantially rectangular cross section in the plane (X, Y) that corresponds to the rectangular cross section of the male portion 230. Any other shape complementary to that of the male portion may be suitable, however. The cavity extends between an insertion opening, through which the male portion is intended to be introduced, and the opposite collecting orifice 212 able to receive the liquid sample for the insertion of the latter in the channel.

The second element B further includes the receiving surface 211, here in the form of a cup, intended to receive the liquid sample. The female portion 240 is assembled to the receiving surface 211 so that the collecting orifice 212 of the cavity discharges at the level of the receiving surface 211. The receiving surface 211 projects relative to the cross section of the main body and substantially orthogonally to the female portion 240 and may have a curved, flared, to be more precise convex, shape to make it possible to facilitate bringing the liquid sample into contact with the collecting orifice 212. This curve is also particularly suited to depositing a droplet depending from the end of a finger of a patient, as may occur when collecting capillary blood from a fingertip.

Accordingly, when a liquid sample is deposited on the receiving surface 211 and comes into contact with the collecting orifice 212, it is introduced by capillarity into the channel 231 via its inlet end 232 in a first portion that forms the fluid passage 222 leading to the measuring chamber 221.

To enhance the introduction of the liquid sample by capillarity into the passage 231, the walls of the collecting device ideally have a wetting angle less than 90° and ideally less than 50°. This may be achieved by choosing materials naturally having this wetting angle or by chemical treatment after manufacturing the elements A and B of the device. Oxygen plasma treatment or treatment by exposure to an intense UV lamp in the presence of oxygen or ozone may also be employed.

Referring to FIG. 2a , at the level of the end of the measuring chamber 221 opposite the fluid passage 222 a vent 227 to the atmosphere communicates with the measuring chamber 221 via a passage the width of which may be less than that of the measuring chamber 221. This passage may also have the function of stopping flow of the liquid by virtue of the difference between its width and that of the measuring chamber and thus provide a passive valve function.

As a general rule, the collecting device 200 may be disposable, allowing analysis of the sample by appropriate means, possibly away from an analysis laboratory.

The analysis means may be based on an analysis of the optical signal emitted by the liquid sample or modified by it, the walls of the main body 220 allowing the transmission of the optical signal to be measured and where applicable the transmission of illumination beams emitted by a light source in the direction of the liquid sample. The analysis means may equally be based on electrical analysis of the liquid sample and may include one or more electrodes disposed in the measuring chamber and electrically connected to a voltage or current source when the collecting device is inserted in the device 100. The electrodes may be produced by thin film deposition of the electrodes and contact tracks enabling contact with the heel-piece 224 of the main body 220 may be used.

The collecting device, in particular the male portion 230 and the female portion 240, may be produced by a technique of moulding or injection-moulding a plastic material such as polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, cyclo-olefin-copolymer (COC), cyclo-olefin-polymer (COP), or any other material that might be suitable, for example. The material forming the male and female portions is preferably transparent to visible and/or infrared light, in particular when optical analysis of the liquid sample is employed.

The collecting device may have a total length along the axis Z of the order of a few centimetres, for example two centimetres, the cup may have an area of a few square centimetres, for example 2 cm×1 cm, and the collecting orifice may have a length of a few millimetres, for example 5 mm, and a width of 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The male portion may have a length and a width of a few millimetres, for example 10 mm×5 mm, and a thickness of a few hundred microns or even a few millimetres, for example 1 mm. The channel may have a length of a few millimetres or centimetres, a width of a few hundred microns to a few millimetres, and a thickness of the order of a few tens of microns to a few millimetres. For example, the measuring chamber may have a length (along the axis Z) of 6.5 mm, a greatest width (along the axis Y) of 3 mm, and a depth (along the axis X) of 150 μm. These orders of magnitude are given by way of illustration only.

FIGS. 3a to 3c are diagrammatic views of part of the analysis device of the analysis system adapted to receive a collecting device such as that shown in FIGS. 2a and 2 b.

In FIG. 3a the housing 120 is represented in dashed line and extends into the interior space of the housing 110 from the opening 121 in the upper portion 111 of the casing. The housing 120 is in part delimited by the locking and disengagement device 130 that includes a locking member 140, a disengagement member 132, an unlocking member 133 and the bearing surface 131.

The locking member 140 is a part that is mobile relative to the casing, adapted to be moved away from or toward the housing 120. It includes a contact surface 141 oriented toward the housing 120, formed of a first or engagement portion 141 a situated in the vicinity of the opening 121 that is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing so that the locking member 140 extends progressively in the direction of the housing 120 in the direction away from the opening 121 of the housing. The contact surface 141 has a second or bearing part 141 b parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing. The spacer part 141 a and the bearing part 141 b of the contact surface 141 are joined to each other by a step that forms an abutment surface 142 of an abutment portion 143 oriented toward the distal portion of the housing relative to the opening. The locking member 140 can move away from or toward the housing, here being mobile in translation along the axis X. It is nevertheless constrained in movement by a return element 144 which exerts a force that tends to move the locking member toward the housing, here in the direction +X. Here this return element 144 is a compression spring.

The locking and disengagement device 130 further includes an unlocking member 133 adapted to move the locking member 140 in a direction away from the housing 120, here in the direction −X, so as to push the abutment portion 143 out of the housing. Here this unlocking member 133 is a pushbutton disposed outside the casing 110 and rigidly connected to the locking member 140.

The locking and disengagement device 130 further includes a disengagement member 132 situated facing the lower portion of the housing 120 and is adapted to exert an exit force on the collecting device 200 along the longitudinal axis of the housing, here in the direction +Z, when the latter is inserted in the housing.

The locking and disengagement device 130 also includes a bearing surface 131 that extends along a portion of the housing 120 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the latter. It is fixed to the casing 110 with no capacity for movement. This bearing surface may be a surface of a plate fixed along the housing. In the case of optical detection, an optical sensor 152 is disposed on the opposite side of the bearing plate to the bearing surface 131, the bearing plate being made of a material transparent to the light beams coming from the collecting device when the latter is inserted in the housing.

The detection and analysis device 150 preferably includes an optical sensor 152 situated at a longitudinal distance D2′ relative to the opening 121 of the lower housing less than or equal to 2 cm and preferably less than or equal to 1 cm and/or is situated at a transverse distance D3 relative to the lower housing 120 less than or equal to 2 cm and preferably less than or equal to 1 cm. By longitudinal distance D2′ is meant a distance measured between the opening 121, for example at the surface of the wall of the casing discharging to the environment, and the longitudinal centre along the axis Z of the photodetector 153 of the optical sensor 152; by transverse distance D3 is meant a distance measured between the transverse centre of the housing along the axis X and the detection surface of the photodetector 153.

In FIG. 3b , which is a view of the elements shown in FIG. 3a along the axis X, it is seen that the locking member 140 is here a hollow component of inverted U-shape that allows a light source situated on the opposite side of the housing 120 relative to the locking member 140 to project illumination beams in the direction of the optical sensor without the beams being optically interfered with by the locking member.

In FIG. 3b , and in FIG. 3c which is a view along the axis Z of the elements shown in FIG. 3a , the locking and disengagement device 130 advantageously includes, in the case of optical detection, at least one spacer element, here two spacer elements 135 disposed on respective opposite sides of the transparent bearing surface 131. These spacer elements 135 enable the collecting device 200 to be moved away from the bearing surface 131 during phases of insertion and ejection or withdrawal. Here each is formed of a strip 135 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing that extends over all the dimension along Z of the bearing surface 131 and advantageously as far as the abutment surface 142 of the locking member 140. Moreover, this strip is bevelled at its longitudinal ends 135 a, 135 b to prevent the collecting device 200 from jamming during phases of insertion and ejection or withdrawal. To move the latter away from the bearing surface 131 during its insertion and its ejection or its withdrawal, these strips project relative to the bearing surface, for example by a few hundred microns to a few millimetres, for example of the order of 200 μm. This makes it possible to avoid the risks of the collecting device 200 rubbing on the transparent bearing surface 131, liable to degrade the optical surface quality of the transparent surface 131, which could interfere with the beams transmitted in the direction of the optical sensor, or even also deteriorate the assembly of the optical sensor 152 and the plate 134 that would be subjected to a shear stress resulting from this rubbing.

In the case of an optical detection device, the latter includes a photodetector 153 disposed facing the housing 120, here placed on the opposite side of the transparent bearing surface 131 relative to the housing, the latter surface being able to encapsulate the photodetector 153. The photodetector 153 is adapted to detect light beams coming from the liquid sample situated in the measuring chamber of the collecting device when the latter is inserted in the housing. These beams incident on the photodetector 153 may be emitted by the liquid sample in reaction to the illumination by a light source or correspond to the portion of the illumination beams transmitted by the liquid sample. The detected beams may lie in a spectral range covering infrared and/or visible and/or ultraviolet light. The photodetector may be of CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor type or of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor type, and is advantageously of the matrix type in order to acquire an image of the liquid sample. The light source (cf. FIG. 1b ) may consist of one or more light-emitting diodes, or even a laser diode, for example a semiconductor laser diode, where appropriate of the VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) type.

The optical detection device may be adapted to perform optical detection in accordance with the so-called lensless imaging technique. This is notably the case when the analytes to be detected in the liquid sample are diffracting objects. To this end, the light source 151 is chosen to emit coherent illumination beams. It may be a laser diode, for example, a semiconductor laser diode, for example, even a light-emitting diode fitted with a diaphragm making it possible to increase the coherence of the emitted radiation or a light-emitting diode the dimensions of which are sufficiently small not to require the use of a diaphragm, the diameter of the diode being less than one tenth of the distance separating the diode from the housing, for example. The photodetector 153 is of the matrix type so as therefore to acquire images of the radiation transmitted and/or diffracted by the analytes present in the liquid sample. It is placed at a distance from the housing 120, for example at a central position of the housing along the axis X, between 100 μm and a few centimetres inclusive, for example less than or equal to 1 cm, and advantageously between 100 μm and 2 mm inclusive. The small distance between the measuring chamber 221 present in the housing and the photodetector 153 makes it possible to limit phenomena of interference between the diffraction patterns when the measurement chamber is illuminated. Recourse to a magnification optic that would otherwise be placed between the housing and the photodetector may be avoided. An array of microlenses, each placed in front of a pixel of the photodetector, may be provided to improve the optical collection of each pixel of the photodetector, without this providing an magnification function.

The analysis method is described next with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b which show the collecting device during insertion into the analysis device (FIG. 4a ) and when it is in the locking position (FIG. 4b ).

As FIG. 4a shows, the collecting device 200 is inserted in the housing 120 of the analysis device 100. During this insertion phase the heel-piece 224 comes into contact with the engagement portion 141 a of the contact surface 141 of the locking member 140 and, as it is introduced into the housing, it progressively pushes the locking member 140 in the direction −X, which leads to the arming of the spring 144. It then comes into contact with the disengagement member 132, here a compression spring, and drives the arming of the spring, which is reflected in an exit force applied by the disengagement member 132 to the main body 220. If it is required to prevent the collecting device 200 rubbing on the bearing surface 131 during the phases of insertion and rejection or withdrawal, the spacer elements 135 are provided to space the main body 220 from the bearing surface 131 by virtue of contact between the strips 135 and the heel-piece 224 before the engagement of the abutment portion 143 of the locking member vis a vis the bearing portion 225 of the main body 220.

As FIG. 4b shows, the locking position is obtained when the bearing portions 225 of the main body 220 (shown in FIG. 4a ) go beyond the abutment portion 143 of the locking member 140 in the direction −Z. The return spring 144 then causes the locking member 140 to move in the direction of the housing so as to bring about the engagement of the abutment, i.e. the bringing of the abutment portion 143 into contact with the bearing portion 225. At the same time, the bearing portion 141 b of the contact surface 141 exerts a force on the heel-piece 224 of the collecting device in the direction +X so that the latter comes into contact with the bearing surface 131. This is notably made possible by the fact that the heel-piece 224 is no longer in contact with the spacer elements 135 and the central portion 223 of the main body 220, the width of which along the axis Y is less than that of the heel-piece 224 and the spacing between the spacer elements 135, is not pushed back by the latter.

The collecting device 200 is therefore locked with respect to the axis Z by the conjoint action of the disengagement member 132 which exerts on it a force in the direction +Z and the abutment portion 143 of the locking member 140 which exerts a reaction force in the direction −Z on the bearing portion 225 of the collecting device 200. Moreover, the collecting device 200 is locked with respect to the axis X by the contact with the bearing surface 131 by virtue of the force exerted in the direction +X by the bearing portion 141 b of the contact surface 141 of the locking member 140 against the heel-piece 224.

Thus the collecting device is locked in the housing and positioned in a perfectly controlled manner relative to the bearing surface, which makes it possible to prevent all risk of involuntary movement of the latter during the subsequent detection step, and therefore makes it possible to improve the accuracy and the reliability of detection when based on an optical technique, in particular when it is a question of the lensless imaging technique described above.

The liquid sample is then deposited. To this end, a volume of liquid is deposited on the receiving surface 211 of the collecting device, for example a drop of blood on the fingertip of a person. As mentioned above, at this stage the receiving surface may be oriented substantially orthogonally to the axis of gravity. When the collecting part is in contact with the casing when a user presses on the receiving surface, the mechanical stresses to which the collecting device is subjected and transmitted to the wall of the casing are minimized. Moreover, this arrangement of the receiving surface relative to the measuring chamber makes it possible to have to deposit only a limited volume of liquid sample, the distance separating the collecting orifice from the measuring chamber and that separating the opening of the housing relative to the optical sensor are minimized. During this deposition phase, the measuring device 100 can be hand-held by a user.

The liquid sample migrates, for example by capillarity, from the collecting orifice in the direction of the measuring chamber, there possibly being (dried or freeze-dried) reagents in the measuring chamber 221 and/or in the fluid passage 222 (see FIG. 1b or 2 a). In this case there follows a chemical reaction a parameter of which is detected and then analyzed. This detection may be colorimetric, for example, the optical detection device then measuring by photometry the final colour of the sample at the time of the reaction, the intensity of the colour being proportional to the concentration of analytes present in the sample. As described above, it is possible to effect optical detection specifically optimized by lensless imaging, notably by virtue of the controlled positioning and closeness of the optical sensor relative to the measuring chamber by means of the bearing surface against which the main body of the collecting device is pressed. The raw data obtained from the detection device is transmitted to the analysis unit which proceeds to process the measured information and displays the results to the user on the screen.

After detection and where applicable analysis of the liquid sample, the user can eject or withdraw the collecting device 200 from the analysis device 100. To this end, they actuate the unlocking member 133 which moves the locking member 140 until the abutment is released, i.e. the mechanical contact between the abutment portion 143 and the bearing portion 225 of the collecting device is eliminated. The return force applied to the collecting device 200 by the disengagement member 132, here the armed spring, leads to preferably partial exit, in other words partial withdrawal, of the latter from the housing 120. When the spacing elements 135 are present, the heel-piece 224 comes into contact with the spacing elements with the result that the collecting device is no longer in contact with the transparent bearing surface 131 at any time during the movement phase. Thus here the exit force leads to partial withdrawal of the collecting device that is partially accommodated in the housing 120 in an unlocked position. It is then possible to turn the analysis device over so that the collecting device drops entirely out of the housing and where applicable drops into a container provided for this purpose. This makes it possible to avoid having to manipulate the collecting device, the receiving surface of which may contain traces of liquid sample. Of course, the return force of the disengagement member 132 may instead be sufficient to drive the total ejection of the collecting device 200 out of the housing 120.

FIGS. 5a and 5b are perspective views of one example of a portion of the locking and disengagement device 130, in particular the locking member (FIG. 5a ) and the disengagement member (FIG. 5b ).

In FIG. 5a there is shown a mechanical part formed in one piece including the locking member 140 which is hollow and in the shape of a bridge and rests on a base that extends rigidly on one side as far as a portion forming the unlocking member 133, i.e. here a pushbutton, and on the opposite side as far as a flexible portion forming the return member 144 in the form of a compression spring.

In FIG. 5b there is shown a mechanical component forming the disengagement member 132. This component includes a flexible blade inclined so that it can exert an exit force when the collecting device is inserted in the housing and in the locking position. This component is intended to be engaged under the locking member 140 at the level of the apertured portion of the base shown in FIG. 5 a.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an example of an optical sensor 152 provided with a heating device 170 for thermal regulation of the bearing surface 131 and therefore of the central portion of the main body of the collecting device containing the measuring chamber.

Here the optical sensor 152 includes a photodetector 153 that rests on an electronic card 154, for example a printed circuit board (PCB), via a ceramic body (not shown), to supply electrical power to the photodetector 153 and to transmit the detection signals in the direction of the analysis unit. Here the photodetector is encapsulated in a secondary protective cap 155 including a plate transparent to the incident beams. The bearing surface 131, here the face oriented toward the housing of the plate 134, rests on a peripheral second electronic card 156 that includes part of a heating device 170.

The heating device 170 includes at least one heating element 171 and preferably at least a temperature probe 172 and a thermal regulation unit 173, the heating element and the temperature probe being electrically connected to the thermal regulation unit.

The heating element 171 is adapted to emit heat, for example by the Joule effect, and is positioned so as to be able to transmit this heat flow to the central portion of the main body when it is in contact with the bearing surface 131. This may involve an electrically conductive track 171 a, for example a metal track, adapted to give off heat when it carries an electric current, associated with an electrically conductive and preferably transparent layer 171 b. The thermally conductive layer 171 b can therefore be situated at the level of the surface of the plate 134 oriented toward the housing and thus form the bearing surface 131 and/or be disposed on its opposite face. It may be a layer of a transparent material, for example amorphous silicon or even indium-tin oxide (ITO) screen-printed or sprayed onto the face of the plate. This layer 172 b provides the propagation of the heat emitted by the metal track 171 a, the latter being situated for example at the interface between the peripheral card 156 and the bearing plate 134. It is electrically connected to a current source, for example via the peripheral stud and the electronic card, the latter then being connected to the regulation unit 173.

Alternatively, the heating element may include the bearing plate 134 itself, in addition to the electrically conductive track. In this case, the plate is made from a thermally conductive and preferably optically transparent material, such as sapphire for example. The layer 171 b may then be omitted.

A probe 172 able to measure temperature is provided here and preferably positioned as close as possible to the bearing surface 131. It is electrically connected to the regulation unit 173 to transmit to it a measured temperature value.

The regulation unit 173 is electrically connected to the metal track 171 a and to the temperature probe 172. It sends to a current source a set point signal that is reflected in an electric current value in the track 171 a and therefore a target temperature value. This target temperature value may be corrected as a function of the value of the temperature measured by the probe 172.

The heating device 170 therefore makes it possible to provide thermal regulation of the liquid sample when the main body 220 of the collecting device is in contact with the bearing surface 131. The bearing surface therefore has the additional advantage, over and above enabling controlled positioning of the measuring chamber relative to the photodetector, of making possible thermal regulation of the measuring chamber.

Particular embodiments have just been described. Different variants and modifications will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.

Thus the detection device may provide electrochemical detection of one or more properties of the liquid sample instead of or in addition to optical detection. To this end the measuring chamber may be equipped with one or more electrodes. When the collecting device is inserted in the analysis device, these electrodes can come into contact with electric contact studs, for example, positioned at the level of the bearing surface, these studs being electrically connected to a voltage or current source. Thus a potential difference or a current can be applied to the electrodes and an electrochemical property of the liquid can be detected and then analyzed. 

1-18. (canceled)
 19. A system for analyzing a liquid sample, including an analysis device comprising: a casing delimiting an interior space and comprising a through-opening leading to a housing adapted to receive a portion of a device for collecting said liquid sample and disposed in the interior space to extend longitudinally from the opening along a so-called insertion longitudinal axis of the collecting device, a device for detecting and analyzing at least one representative parameter of the liquid sample, and including a device for collecting said liquid sample comprising: a main body extending along a longitudinal axis and including a measurement fluid chamber adapted to be inserted longitudinally into the housing along the insertion longitudinal axis of the latter; a receiving surface intended to be situated outside the housing to receive the liquid sample when the main body is inserted into the housing, assembled to the main body and extending substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the main body, and comprising a collecting orifice in fluid communication with the measuring chamber.
 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the housing of the analysis device and the collecting device are both sized so that, when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing, the distance between the collecting orifice and the measuring chamber is approximately equal to the distance between the opening of the housing and the measuring chamber, and is preferably less than or equal to 2 cm.
 21. The system according to claim 19, wherein the collecting device includes a collecting portion assembled to the main body and one surface of which forms the receiving surface, this collecting portion being in contact with a wall of the casing at the edge of the opening of the housing when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing.
 22. The system according to claim 19, wherein the casing includes an upper wall and a lower wall connected to each other by a lateral wall having dimensions less than the dimensions of the upper and lower walls, the opening of the housing is situated at the level of the upper wall of the casing and the housing extends substantially orthogonally to the latter in the direction of the lower wall.
 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the upper wall of the casing comprises a display screen.
 24. The system according to claim 19, including a bearing surface fixed relative to the housing and disposed so as to delimit in part the housing by extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and so as to be in contact with a portion of the main body containing the measuring chamber of the collecting device when the latter is inserted in the housing.
 25. The system according to claim 24, wherein the detection and analysis device includes an optical sensor situated on a side of the bearing surface opposite the housing, the bearing surface being transparent to light beams coming from the measuring chamber when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing.
 26. The system according to claim 19, wherein the detection and analysis device includes an optical sensor situated at a longitudinal distance relative to the opening of the housing less than or equal to 2 cm.
 27. The system according to claim 19, including a locking and disengagement device adapted to retain the main body in a locking position inside the housing and comprising: a disengagement member adapted to exert an exit force on the main body when the latter is inserted in the housing in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing and oriented toward the opening of the housing; a locking member including at least one abutment portion adapted to be in contact with a bearing portion of the main body when the latter is inserted in the housing in the locking position so as to immobilize the collecting device subjected at this time to the exit force along the longitudinal axis of the housing.
 28. The system according to claim 27, wherein the bearing portion of the main body of the collecting device is formed by a lateral shoulder of the main body situated between a so-called central first portion containing the measuring chamber and a distal end of the main body relative to the receiving surface.
 29. The system according to claim 24 the bearing surface and projecting relative to the latter in the direction of the housing, the longitudinal ends of which are bevelled so as to space the main body relative to the bearing surface upon movement of the latter in the housing along the longitudinal axis.
 30. The system according to claim 27, wherein the locking member is mobile relative to the housing substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the latter and adapted to exert a bearing force on the main body in the direction of the bearing surface when the latter is inserted in the housing.
 31. The system according to claim 27, wherein the locking and disengagement device includes an unlocking member actuation of which is adapted to cause movement of the locking member so as to cause the breaking of the abutment between the abutment portion of the latter and the bearing portion of the collecting device leading to withdrawal of the main body relative to the housing by the effect of the exit force.
 32. The system according to claim 27, wherein the detection and analysis device includes at least one light source and an optical sensor disposed on respective opposite sides of the housing along an axis of illumination of the measuring chamber when the main body of the collecting device is inserted in the housing, the locking member including a hollow portion positioned between the light source and the optical sensor enabling propagation of the illumination beams along the illumination axis through said hollow portion.
 33. The system according to claim 19, further comprising a heating device comprising a heating element adapted to transmit heat to the measuring chamber via the bearing surface when the main body is inserted in the housing and in contact with the bearing surface.
 34. A method of analyzing a liquid sample using an analysis system according to claim 1, wherein: the main body of the collecting device is introduced into the housing; a liquid sample is deposited on the receiving surface of the collecting device so that it is in contact with the collecting orifice; at least one representative parameter of the liquid sample is detected and analyzed; the collecting device is withdrawn from the housing of the analysis device.
 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein, during the deposition of the liquid sample on the receiving surface, the analysis device is hand-held by a user.
 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein, during the step of depositing the liquid sample on the receiving surface, the latter is oriented substantially orthogonally to the axis of gravity.
 37. The system according to claim 19, wherein the detection and analysis device includes an optical sensor situated at a transverse distance relative to the housing less than or equal to 2 cm. 